PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ENGINEERING METALS

Physical properties of metal

Metals have different properties. Depending on the type of application, different metals are selected. Physical properties of metals

Colour

Weight/Specific gravity

Structure

Conductivity

Magnetic property

Fusibility

Color :- Different metals have different colors . For example, copper is of a distinctive red color. Mild steel is of a blue/black sheen.

Weight :-Metals differ based on their weight. A metal, like aluminum , weighs lighter (specific gravity 2.8) than many others, and a metal, like lead, is heavy .

Structure :-Generally metals can also be differentiated by their internal microstructure. Metals like wrought iron and aluminum will have a fibrous structure, and metals like cast iron and bronze will have a granular structure.

STRUCTURE

OF

METAL

Conductivity:- Thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity are the measure of the ability of a material to conduct heat and electricity. Conductivity will vary from metal to metal. Copper and aluminum are good conductors of heat and electricity.

Magnetic property : A metal is said to possess magnetic property, if it is attracted by a magnet .Almost all ferrous metals, excepting some types of stainless steel, can be attracted by a magnet and all non-ferrous metals and their alloys will not be attracted by a magnet.

Fusibility :- It is the property possessed by a metal by virtue of which it melts when heat is applied. Many materials are subject to the transformation in shape (i.e.) from solid to liquid at different temperatures. Tin has a low melting temperature (232ºC)and tungsten melts at a high temperature (3370ºC).

fusibility

Specific gravity :-It is the ratio between the weight of the metal and the weight of equal volume of water.

Mechanical Properties

The mechanical properties of a metal are

• ductility

• malleability

• hardness

• brittleness

• toughness

• tenacity

• elasticity

Ductility :- A metal is said to be ductile when it may be drawn out in tension without rupture. Wire-drawing depends upon ductility for its successful operation. A ductile metal must be both strong and plastic. Copper and aluminum are good examples of ductile metals.

Malleability :- Malleability is the property of permanently extending in all directions without rupture by hammering, rolling etc. to change its size and shape. Lead is a very malleable metal.

Hardness :-Hardness is a measure of a metal’s ability to withstand scratching, wear, abrasion and penetration.

Brittleness:- Brittleness is the property of a metal which permits no permanent distortion before breaking. Cast iron is an example of a brittle metal, and it will break rather than bend under shock or impact.

Toughness :-Toughness is the property of a metal to withstand shock or impact. Toughness is the property opposite to brittleness. Wrought iron is an example of a tough metal.

Toughness :-Toughness is the property of a metal to withstand shock or impact. Toughness is the property opposite to brittleness. Wrought iron is an example of a tough metal

Elasticity :- Elasticity of a metal is its power of returning to its original shape after the applied force is released. Properly heat-treated spring is a good example of elasticity.

Elasticity

Specific gravity :- It is the ratio between the weight of the metal and the weight of equal volume of water.

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